Holi, the festival of colors and the embodiment of shared love, is celebrated on Phalguna Purnima (Full Moon day in the month of Falgun). According to the Bikram Sambat Hindu calendar, it occurs in the month of Falgun, marking the triumph of good over evil. This festival spans two days, commencing on Purnima (Full Moon night), which typically falls between late February and mid-March in the Gregorian calendar. The first day is known as Holika Dahan or Chotti Holi, and the following day is celebrated as Dhuleti, Dulandi, Dhulibandan, or more commonly, Phalgu.
Traditionally observed in India and Nepal, Holi maintains a prominent status both within these nations and globally in areas with substantial Hindu or Indian-origin populations, and among the Nepalese diaspora. The festival also marks the end of winter and the arrival of spring, providing an opportunity for people to meet, play, laugh, forgive, and reconcile. It’s a time to repair strained relationships and give thanks for a bountiful harvest.
The rationale behind the colorful nature of Holi lies in an ancient legend described in chapter 7 of the Bhagavata Purana, involving King Hiranyakashipu. The king received a boon granting him five specific protections, rendering him nearly invincible. His son, Prahlada, however, remained devoted to Lord Vishnu, leading to his father’s attempts to punish him, though without success.
In an act of deceit, Prahlada’s evil aunt Holika lured him into a fire while she was protected by a magical cloak. Miraculously, the cloak transferred from Holika to Prahlada, who emerged unscathed as she perished. Lord Vishnu then appeared as Narasimha, a half-human and half-lion avatar, and destroyed the king Hiranyakashipu under very particular circumstances, adhering to the conditions of the boon.
The burning of Holika and the celebration of Holi symbolize the victory of good over evil, and of Narasimha’s triumph over Hiranyakashipu. Holi festivities commence with a bonfire on the eve called Holika Dahan, during which people gather to perform rituals, sing, and dance, hoping to purge themselves of inner negativity.
The following day epitomizes the vibrant essence of Holi, a day known as Dhuli in Sanskrit, or Dhulheti, Dhulandi, or Dhulendi. It is a jubilant day of chasing and coloring others with powders and water, using water guns and colored water balloons. Music, dance, and visiting friends and family to share food, sweets, and drinks are integral parts of the celebration. A notable drink is Bhang, made from cannabis leaves, which adds to the festivity.
Significantly, the Braj region, known for its association with Lord Krishna, sees an extended period of revelry, involving unique customs like women playfully beating men with sticks. While primarily a Hindu celebration, Jains, and Newar Buddhists in Nepal also observe Holi, along with many non-Hindus across Asia.
Holi has gained popularity beyond South Asia, celebrated in diverse regions like Europe and North America. The festival is known for its inclusivity, transcending cultural and geographical barriers and altering in expression across different locations.
While celebrating Holi used to involve natural colors from turmeric, sandalwood, and flower extracts, the scarcity of certain trees has led to the use of synthetic dyes, which can create environmental and health risks. As such, it’s important to celebrate Holi with awareness and care, using safe and sustainable materials.
In 17th century literature, Holi is depicted as a festive time to appreciate spring’s colorful abundance and bid winter goodbye. Many Hindus view it as the start of the new year, a moment for interpersonal healing and renewal. The legend of Holika adds a religious dimension to the festivities.
In Nepal, the variation in celebration between the hilly and Terai regions is notable, with the former celebrating on the full moon day known as Fagu or Phaguwa and the latter, the day after. Considering Nepal’s strong Hindu demographic, it is a significant national festival.
This festival has a multifaceted significance—marking the arrival of spring, providing a chance for personal and collective renewal, and carrying a deep religious message.
